Electron(电子) are the negatively charged atoms, and they like to be in pairs. When an electron loses its partner, it creates a free radical, which is usually unstable and highly reactive. Free radicals typically go through the body to seek out a replacement for their missing electron, and...
Atoms are a bit like people: they usually prefer company to being alone. A lot of atoms prefer to join up with other atoms because they're more stable that way. So hydrogen atoms don't exist by themselves: instead, they pair up to make what is called a molecule of hydrogen. A molecu...
Atoms are the basis of all the elements in the universe, the building blocks of all visible matter, and the secret to nuclear power.
The outermost electrons -- the valence electrons -- are able to interact with other atoms, and, depending on how those electrons interact with other the atoms, either an ionic or covalent bond is formed, and the atoms fuse together to form a molecule. Electron Shells Every element is surroun...
Free radicals areunstable atomsthat can damage the cells in the body. What makes them so unsteady? They’re oxygen-containing molecules that have an unpaired electron. That single electron allows them to interactfreelywith other molecules, which isn’t always a good thing. ...
While atoms are the basic building blocks of our universe, some atoms are unstable and will lose particles through the process of radiation. But don't worry, this process is perfectly natural! Radiation can be very helpful to humans -- but it can also be harmful. Let's go over why. ...
that would otherwise push the protons apart, according to the rules of electricity. Some atomic nuclei are unstable because the binding force varies for different atoms based on the size of the nucleus. These atoms will then decay into other elements, such as carbon-14 decaying into nitrogen-...
the same chemical element. But atoms with an equal number of protons can have a different number of neutrons, which are defined as being different isotopes of the same element. These isotopes are often unstable, and all those with an atomic number greater than 82 are known to be radioactive...
Free radicals are unstable atoms that result from various metabolic processes. These atoms exist as protein, lipid, and DNA components, as well as some reactive oxygen species (ROS). Free radicals are relatively safe within certain levels. Besides, the body has various mechanisms for expelling ...
Neutrons are an important tool for research in medicine, materials, and other fields. Scientists produce neutrons at research reactors and particle accelerators. Researchers project these neutrons onto samples of materials. Some of the neutrons interact directly with atoms in the sample and “bounce”...