It is estimated that there are approximately 2×1030bacteria on the Earth, but only around 2% of them are fully studied to date. Hence, there is a huge research gap on the diversity and ecology of many unknown bacterial species. Wide varieties of bacteria live in the body of all living b...
What are the two broad classifications of cells? Do bacteria cells have a nucleus? What is the term for small structures within cells that perform specific functions (mitochondria, nucleus, etc.)? (a) What cell structures are characteristic of eukaryotes vs. prokaryotes? (b) Animals vs. plants...
Furthermore, leading region genes whose early expression requires Frpo-like sequences are widespread in conjugative plasmids; their roles in promoting successful conjugation are discussed below. ssDNA binding proteins Bacterial single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) binding (SSB) proteins typically consist of two ...
In addition to germ cells, bacterial partners are often restricted to bacteriocyte cells, themselves often grouped into a bacteriome organ. This seclusion from the rest of the host’s tissues occurs in both weevils and tsetse flies, and would notably protect symbionts from the host systemic immune...
Many genes that are carried by mobile elements code for traits that are expressed outside of the cell. Such traits are involved in bacterial sociality, such as the production of public goods, which benefit a cell's neighbours, or the production of bacteriocins, which harm a cell's neighbours...
Divided into two parts, this chapter first reviews current neo-Darwinian “tree of life” versus reticulate “web of life” polemics as they have been debated in high-profile academic journals, and secondly, the historical context of discovery of the various means whereby genes are transferred ...
The tsetse fly (Glossina genus) is the main vector of African trypanosomes, which are protozoan parasites that cause human and animal African trypanosomiases in Sub-Saharan Africa. In the frame of the IAEA/FAO program ‘Enhancing Vector Refractoriness to
Many genes that are carried by mobile elements code for traits that are expressed outside of the cell. Such traits are involved in bacterial sociality, such as the production of public goods, which benefit a cell's neighbours, or the production of bacteriocins, which harm a cell's neighbours...
In the life cycle of B. henselae, biofilms are implicated in both the flea and the mammalian hosts. A previous report from our laboratory showed scanning electron micrographs with bacteria in the gut and bacterial biofilm in the fecal matter of laboratory i-fected cat fleas [19]. The abilit...
2. Bacterial Phase Variation 2.1. Background of Phase Variation All living organisms are faced with the constant challenge of maintaining fitness in order to survive and reproduce, and this is no less true for bacterial species. Bacteria are under constant onslaught from fluctuations in their local...