Vaccination campaigns have reshaped infectious disease dynamics, exerting selective pressures on pathogens. While some are controlled, others persist via antigenic variation or reservoirs. This Science & Society explores the evolutionary and ecological impacts of vaccination, highlighting its role in pathogen...
Selective breeding pressures have generated breeds with more desirable phenotypes and changes to specific genomic regions associated with these phenotypes. Detecting these functionally relevant genetic changes helps us to understand which particular genes and sequence...
The key component of the theory of evolution is natural selection. Define this process. Why is it commonly known as "survival of the fittest"? What are examples of factors (selective pressures) that drive the evolution of populations?
der which these genes are carried on MGEs is essential if we are to get a better understanding of how pathogenic bacteria evolve, and how potentially we can control them (Mart´ınez, 2008; Martinez, 2009). Understanding the selective pressures that favour genes to be carried on plasmids...
Altogether, male secondary sexual character (wing patch size) main tenance was probably disrupted by different selec tion pressures (Andersson 1994) in our study, suggesting that the trait plays a minor role for male mating success in this particular population, espe cially when ...
Natural selection is the process where these selective pressures change the distribution of alleles in a population, thus changing the genotypes and phenotypes. This changes the frequency of some alleles in the population, and over many generations, increases the fitnes...
After the biology explanations, let there be megafauna! Mammoth skull! A nice one, too. Top predators of Ice Age North America: Arctodus (short-faced bear– does the short face mean they were happy, unlike a long face? Sorry but they never are shown as very happy, unless it is the ...
region. In cases where you might see niche evolution in the rock record, there may have been different pressures on the organisms. I think leaving that question open is important because there are many different selective pressures and not all selective pressures can be applied to ...
However, the selective pressures that have driven the evolution of multiple cone classes remain largely obscure. We show that two critical assumptions of the flicker theory are violated. We found that the amplitude and temporal frequency of flicker vary over the visible spectrum, precluding its ...
(ms) in tissue. This means that the pressure pulses applied to the tissue are longer by a factor of 1000 than those of shock waves. Typical peak pressures of radial pressure waves are about 0.1 to 1 MPa, i.e. significantly lower – by a factor of 100 – than those of shock waves....