Bovine tuberculosis risk factors for british herds before and after the 2001 foot- and-mouth epidemic: what have we learned from the TB99 and CCS2005 studies? Transbound Emerg Dis (2015) 62(5):505-15. doi: 10.1111/ tbed.12184Vial, F., Miguel, E., T. Johnston, W., Mitchell, A., ...
What are the risk factors for autism? Autism: Autism spectrum disorder or ASD is a very complex and multidimensional neurodevelopmental disorder. The etiology of this disorder is still largely unknown. That being said, a lot of factors have been identified as risk factors for autism Answer and ...
What are the different types of chlamydia? What diseases do they cause, and how common are they? What types of diseases could most likely lead to outbreaks? Explain. Define reemerging infectious diseases. What is tuberculosis? How is the disease transmitted? Is there treatment for tuberculosis?
Tuberculosis Whooping Cough (Pertussis) What Are Antibodies? Antibodies do a lot of important tasks. Which task? It depends on their specialty. They may kill bacteria or help other cells digest microbes. Some antibodies mark invading cells for other immune cells to attack. These are sometimes cal...
tuberculosis itself may be more informative but we still lack proven correlates of protection. New routes of administration are being investigated such as giving BCG intravenously or by aerosol. BCG revaccination is also attracting interest. We need to understand better what BCG does and does not ...
Here are 12 risk factors for the development of an abscess: Diabetes Immunocompromised due tocancers, steroid therapy, as well as immunosuppressants lesion itself may present as an abscess Inflammatory bowel disease Obesity Smoking Weak immune system (human immunodeficiency virustuberculosis) ...
Sengstake S, Bablishvili N, Schuitema A et al. (2014) Optimizing multiplex SNP-based data analysis for genotyping of Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates,BMC Genomics, 15(1):572. Rathnayake I, Hargreaves M, Huygens F. (2011) SNP diversity...
tuberculosis infection [6]. TNF-α also has immunoregulatory properties and synergistic effects to IFN-γ in macrophage activation [41]. However, systemic excess of TNF-α may account for unwanted inflammatory effects like fever and malaise [41]. Briefly, there are many effects of TNF-α on ...
What is the pathophysiology of pulmonary tuberculosis? How does a pulmonary embolism cause heart failure? What are the risk factors for a pulmonary embolism? What is hemothorax and pneumothorax? What is noncardiogenic pulmonary edema? What is the pathogenesis of a pneumothorax?
Abnormal presence of air in the pleural cavity resulting in the collapse of the lung; may be spontaneous (due to injury to the chest) or induced (as a treatment for tuberculosis) Atelectasis Collapse of an expanded lung (especially in infants); also failure of pulmonary alveoli to expand at...