Exosomes are extracellular vesicles first described as such 30 years ago and since implicated in cell–cell communication and the transmission of disease states, and explored as a means of drug discovery. Yet fundamental questions about their biology remain unanswered. Here I explore what exosomes are...
First, they are thought to pro- vide a means of intercellular communication and of transmission of macromolecules between cells. Second, in the past decade, exosomes have been attributed roles in the spread of proteins, lipids, mRNA, miRNA and DNA and as contributing factors in the development ...
The short answer is that stem cells are undifferentiated cells with power to make other kinds of cells. Most cells cannot do that as they can only make more of themselves. What this means is that stem cells can be used to make specialized cells. These include neurons, heart cells, and mo...
What Are Blackhead Pimples and Clogged Pores? These are those tiny black spots that like to dot your skin like pencil pricks. Your skin may be dry in the area of the breakout. This may indicate a congested liver, in which case you may want to try a short detox-diet to flush out your...
Retinoids, growth factors, exosomes, defensins, antioxidants, heparan sulfate and ascorbic acid are all antiaging ingredients used to target the causes of aging skin. The causes of skin aging are complicated. The best way for you to choose antiaging skincare that is right for you is to shop...
such as topical creams and even antibiotic pills. It is also used in patients with moderate to severe acne who cannot tolerate oral medications or whereAccutane (Isotretinoin) therapyis not an option. Usually, more than one or a series (usually 1-3 treatments) of PDT treatments are performed...
stress.56Exosomes also can communicate with other cells both in the immune system and cells in its own vicinity. Cells in stress will want to coordinate their responses with the surrounding cell layerin vivoand this is a new field opening up to future research efforts. Finally, a large ...
This goes without saying but if you’re using a hydrating product, you want to make sure that there are ingredients that add water to the skin! Aloe veramakes an awesome base for a serum because it’s like using a little packet of water that sticks long enough to absorb into the skin...
Vesicles, generally defined as self-assembled structures formed by single or multiple concentric bilayers that surround an aqueous core, have been widely used for biomedical applications. They can either occur naturally (e.g. exosomes) or be produced artificially and range from the micrometric scale...
Models of drug-specific T-cell activation. LHS) Hapten model: The drug or metabolite covalently binds to cellular protein, which undergoes intracellular processing. Modified peptides are loaded onto MHC for subsequent display on the cell surface (TCR exposed to drug and peptide). CENTRE) PI-model...