Lenses are everywhere in the world around us—in everything from car headlamps and flashlights to the LED lights used in electronic instrument panels. Photo: Lenses in the headlamps of this car focus beams of light down onto the road so you can see where you're going. Some car headlights...
The true electron beams therefore represent a small fraction of the total electron number density. Ion beams carry a much larger fraction of all ions, but also are only weakly unstable. The electron beams seen at low altitudes can drive whistlers (both electromagnetic and electrostatic, i...
to the sample, it is the method of choice for field applications and industrial production for control of materials. Depending on the application, XRF can be produced by using not only x-rays but also other primary excitation sources like alpha particles, protons or high energy electron beams....
Electron Microscope Disadvantages The main disadvantages are cost, size, maintenance, researcher training and image artifacts resulting from specimen preparation. This type of microscope is a large, cumbersome, expensive piece of equipment, extremely sensitive to vibration and external magnetic fields. ...
Older televisions use a cathode ray system to display an image. This involves a "gun" that shoots electron beams in a moving pattern following rows across the screen from top to bottom. An electrical signal generated by the television from the video signal controls how strong the electron beam...
Gamma rays, electron beams, or X-rays are commonly used, with gamma rays being particularly effective because of their deep penetration into materials. This method is often used in sterilizing medical equipment, pharmaceuticals, and disposable materials. The items or surfaces are exposed to a ...
was superseded by the Large Hadron Collider in 2009. The Continuous Electron Beam Accelerator Facility at Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility helps scientists study the structure of protons and neutrons. The Facility for Rare Isotope Beams at Michigan State University is a linear accelerator ...
Electron beam and laser welding are extremely precise, high energy welding techniques. Electron beams and lasers can be focused and aimed with the exceptional accuracy required to weld the smallest of implantable medical devices, and yet also deliver the tremendous amounts of power required to weld...
The first display devices used for electronic equipment were cathode-ray tubes, or CRTs. These would fire three electron beams at red, green, and blue phosphors on the inside of the screen, causing them to light up and display the desired pixels. Electricity and magnets were used to move (...
A device which focuses or defocuses electron beams. Lens (geometry) A convex shape bounded by two circular arcs, joined at their endpoints, the corresponding concave shape being a lune. Lens (biology) A genus of the legume family; its bean. Lens (anatomy) The transparent crystalline structure...