Additionally, those CE staple fibers made with cellulose ester polymers having a DS of not more than 2.5 are also soil biodegradable under the ISO 17566 test method. The cellulose ester may have a weight-average molecular weight (Mw) of not more than 90,000, measured using gel permeation ...
The paddocks consisted of two main soil types and were treated at two levels. Firstly, the whole paddock was treated as a management unit as there was a gradient of soils throughout. This reflects typical grazing properties that comprise large paddocks (hundreds to thousands of hectares) with...
poultry litter;wet torrefaction;fluidized bed;biochar;soil improver 1. Introduction A lot of research papers have been devoted to the production of bio-coal from bio-waste [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9]. The obtained bio-coal can be applied as a raw material for the production of sorbents, as...
In addition to consuming a large amount of land resources and increasing the operating costs of enterprises, the stockpiling of stone wastes may also cause pollution of the surrounding soil, water, and air, posing a threat to human health, as well as landslides and other safety hazards. ...
[23] have evaluated the environmental durability of press-molded, self-fitting soil-cement blocks with granite waste during standard water immersion, wetting, and drying cycles. However, it is necessary to study the durability of MOC materials in an outdoor dry–wet cycle environment further. ...
It is apparent that kaolinite is the only clay mineral in the original soil [26]. The acidified kaolinite presents a higher diffraction peak intensity and a narrower d-spacing of 7.164 Å than that of the original kaolinite [27]. This may be attributed to the increase in hydrogen bonds ...
The Archimedean copula function has an explicit analytical formula and generator expression that has been widely used in hydrology [43]. The expression of the n-dimensional Archimedean copula function can be written as follows: 𝐶𝑛(𝑢1,⋯,𝑢𝑛)=𝜙−1[𝜙(𝑢1)+⋯+𝜙(𝑢...
The average crystal size as calculated by the Debye–Scherrer formula [34] was found d = 40 nm. Furthermore, the most intensive peak located at 2θ = 38.5° corresponding Nanomaterials 2016, 6, 74 7 of 15 2.4. X-Ray Diffraction Pattern In order to obtain the crystalline information of ...