Since the mid-1990s, West Nile virus (WNV) outbreaks of increased severity first appeared in Africa, then in Europe, and finally in North America. These outbreaks were due to related lineage 1 viruses of apparent increased pathogenicity. More recently li
ArticleCASPubMedGoogle Scholar Day JF, Curtis GA, Edman JD. Rainfall-directed oviposition behavior of Culex nigripalpus (Diptera: Culicidae) and its influence on St. Louis encephalitis virus transmission in Indian River County, Florida. J Med Entomol. 1990;27(1):43–50. ArticleCASPubMedGoogle ...
As regards water resources, Cotillon [96] predicted that by 2050, river flow in major basins in West Africa will decline by 8–22%, and annual rainfall average will reduce about 26% by 2100. Studies also indicated the negative impact of poorly planned urbanization, environmentally imbalanced ...