whether public or private, is accounted for in prices. The semi-strong form assumes that only publicly-available information is incorporated into prices, but privately-held information may not be. The weak form concedes that markets tend to be efficient but anomalie...
TheEfficient Market Hypothesis (EMH)Model has three versions – Strong, semi-strong, and weak. The weak form of market efficiency is the weakest form of this Hypothesis model.According to the EMH theory, the price of a publicly-traded asset or security is a reflection of all the past inform...
First, at lower and upper quantiles the return series has strong autocorrelation and the stock market does not have the weak efficiency. While at median the return series have weak autocorrelation and in line with weak Efficient Markets Hypothesis. Secondly, the stock return autocorrelation is more...
Being Efficient to Stay Strong in a Weak Economy. The Case of Calabrian Manufacturing FirmsICTR&DStochastic FrontierCalabriaManufacturing FirmsThe aim of thiswork is to study the efficiency of firms operating in Calabria, a small andeconomically-lagging Italian region. The analysis is carried out by...
Weak-Form Efficiency Vs Semi-Strong Form Efficiency in Price Discovery: an Application to International Black Tea Markets In this paper we study a fundamental issue related to the efficient price discovery process using time series data from seven international black tea marke... S Dharmasena 被引...
We first present that equipped with proper image-level strong perturbations, a vanilla FixMatch can indeed outperform the SOTAs. In- spired by this, we further strengthen its perturbation practice from two perspectives. On one hand, we unify image- and feature...
Superfiltering: Weak-to-Strong Data Filtering for Fast Instruction-Tuning[8]:利用Weak model来筛选出理想的data来用于fine-tuning strong model,从而加快SFT的效率。 Aligner: Achieving Efficient Alignment through Weak-to-Strong Correction[9]:通过学习对齐和未对齐答案之间的残差来绕过整个RLHF过程,实现了一种...
PDI stores entries in form of (key, value) pa... C Lindemann,OP Waldhorst - 《Acm Sigmobile Mobile Computing & Communications Review》 被引量: 43发表: 2004年 Optical and electrical properties of dithienothiophene based conjugated polymers: medium donor vs. weak, medium, and strong acceptors ...
Weak-to-Strong Generalization (弱到强泛化):训练数据集被分为了两部分,前半部分的输入和真值标签被用来训练弱模型,而后半部分的训练数据仅保留输入,标签由弱模型产生。在训练强模型时仅使用弱模型产生的弱标签为强模型提供监督信号。 如图3所示,作者基于对齐本质提出了一个新的弱到强泛化范式,核心思想是用较弱的...
www.nature.com/scientificreports OPEN received: 18 February 2015 accepted: 02 June 2015 Published: 08 July 2015 Nonequilibrium Energy Transfer at Nanoscale: A Unified Theory from Weak to Strong Coupling Chen Wang1,2,3, Jie Ren1,4 & Jianshu Cao1,2 Unraveling the microscopic mechanism ...