Previous studies of particles and lumps have focussed on how the flow and force depend on external factors such as the gradient of local velocity field (Auton et al. 1987) and on differences between the local fluid and body density. Current models of turbulence and two phase flows tend to ...
We also consider a single scalar field [Math Processing Error] as the pressure, which in contrast may jump across the interface. Second, along the interface the internal forces of the fluids have to match a surface tension force. Denoting by [Math Processing Error] the characteristic function ...
5.1. Two-field approach Let u : Ω −→ Rd be the velocity and p : Ω −→ R the pressure of a fluid moving in Ω of (kinematic) viscosity ν and subject to a body force f . The Stokes problem consists of finding u and p as the solution to the boundary value problem ...
A global ocean-atmosphere general circulation model, MIROC11, and an aerosol processes model, SPRINTARS9,10, were used in this study. The coupled MIROC-SPRINTARS models predicted wind, temperature, surface pressure, specific humidity, mass mixing ratios of cloud water/ice and major aerosol component...
According to chemiosmotic theory, highly lipophilic acids or bases could traverse the cell membrane in both the dissociated and undissociated state, and shuttle protons in a cyclic manner to dissipate the chemical gradient of protons, the membrane potential and total proton-motive force36. Un...
The Lorentz force [23] found from this action is M x ¨ μ = e c x ˙ ν f μ ν + c 5 f μ 5 = e c x ˙ β f μ β (6) d d τ − 1 2 M x ˙ μ x ˙ μ = c 5 e c x ˙ β f 5 β (7) with field strength f α β x , τ = ∂ α a...
This kind of boundary condition is usually needed to set up a well-posed problem with a unique solution. For example, in fluid flow, we need to specify the pressure somewhere (not just the flow); and in solid mechanics, we need to specify the displacement somewhere (not just the force)...
Increasing the permeability results in declining of the pressure gradient across the core, which is evident in Fig. 6, for the first experiment. This porosity increment is chiefly originated from the calcite dissolution, which is a minor part of the sandstone rock. Until almost 140 PV of ...
In addition, the tangential continuity is enforced by introducing a polynomial space on the element faces and defining a weak symmetric gradient following the idea of WG method [30]. The WVEM is exactly divergence free and robust with respect to the pressure. As an extension, we shall combine...
(Supplementary Fig.3). We confirmed the cross-β-structure content of IB using thioflavin-T staining and correlative atomic force microscopy nanoimaging and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (Supplementary Note2and Supplementary Fig.4). These data show that aggregation, resulting in cross-β-...