DNA, which is the coding molecule, is housed in the nucleus of eukaryotes and the cytoplasm of prokaryotes and is used to make RNA molecules in the process of transcription. RNA molecules travel to the ribosome, where functional proteins are c...
drugs based on nucleic acids — namely DNA andRNA, the vital information-carrying molecules — can control the biological functions of cells and are expected to transform the future of medicine and provide a significant boost towards efforts to overcome cancer and other ...
exactly, protein species - which are usually strongly interrelated based on their amino acid sequence, but which can, nonetheless, differ sometimes quite dramatically in chemical structure as a result of alternative splicing at the RNA and protein level [27] and/or due to post-translational ...
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are highly conserved, small (approximately 22 nucleotides long) non-coding RNA molecules that regulate gene expression at the post-transcriptional levels [1]. MiRNA binds to the 3′ untranslated region (3′-UTR) of target mRNA via imperfect or perfect matching, which results ...
the antibody detected high similarity within the phosphorylated motifs and was unable to distinguish between Smad1, Smad5, and Smad8; on the other hand, phosphorylated Smad1, Smad5, and Smad8 did not have the same effect in regulating gene transcription. As downstream of TGF-β superfamily sig...
ranging from multiple to single antigens: whole organism vaccines (live-attenuated or killed fungal cells), crude extracts (fractions derived from cells and medium of fungal cultures), purified subunit vaccines (proteins, peptides), and nucleic acids (RNA and DNA) encoding the antigen(s) of int...
This recruitment of lysosomes by the ER would bring lysosomes in close apposition to the mitochondrial division site and establish a three-way contact between these three organelles during mitochondrial division. To test this hypothesis, we used quantitative super-resolution microscopy to show that the...
and breadth to determine the order of nucleotides, or molecular alterations, in entire genomes or targeted regions of DNA or RNA. NGS is the basis for the identification of the majority of current druggable alterations and offers a unique window into novel alterations, and de novo and acquired ...
Rather, CTC clusters arise when a group of malignant cells detaches from a solid tumor deposit and enters into the blood circulation. By color-coding primary tumor cells to distinguish single versus clustered CTCs, it was also shown that even though single CTCs are more frequent in blood ...
At genus level, the differences between donor did not enable to distinguish the potential effect of the arsenolipid treatments. However, Faecalibacterium genus (p = 0.038, q = 0.99) and Lachnospiraceae UCG-004 group (p = 0.050, q = 0.99) were reduced by arsenolipids treatment (Fig...