Because of their specialised nature, however, design is often governed by factors which may be regarded as secondary in normal reinforced concrete work. Such structures are relatively common, in one form or another, and hence justify coverage in some detail....
15、ervice life.Classification of hydraulic structures according to their functions(1) general hydraulic structures1.: the water retaining structure is used to intercept the formation of rivers, reservoirs or in high water level of the building, such as a variety of dam and sluice and resisting ...
RepairstoWaterRetainingStructures Themanualsareavailableuponrequest. Theothermanualsavailableintheseriesare: |1 Repairsto WaterRetainingStructures Index 1|Introduction4 2|Preparingthesubstrate5 3|Protectingthereinorcementrods5 3.1|ProtectingusingMAPEFER5 3.2|ProtectingusingMAPEFER1K6 4|Positioningnewreinorcement8...
(ii)Dry covers. Retaining dams constructed at many mine-waste disposal facilities are composed of coarse-grained mill tailings or mill tailings combined with waste rock. Many of these structures were designed to retain tailings during deposition, and to drain and consolidate after the deposition is...
Keywords: fragility curve; Monte Carlo simulation; seepage; spatial variability; water-retaining structure1. Introduction Due to recent climate change, there have been extreme floods that have exceeded the design criteria for water-retaining structures, thereby threatening safety. As a result, there has...
At nano-scale (10,000×–15,000×), it is possible to observe a fibrous nano-structures formed by very small soft-rounded and spheroidal shapes on the surface of the protrusions of the previously defined micro-pattern. These soft-rounded forms, combined with the fibrous nano-structures, ...
Among the crystalline structures of TiO2, rutile is the most stable for particles larger than 35 nm, while anatase, which is more efficient in producing ROS, is the most stable for particles smaller than 11 nm [105,106]. A major cause for the slow reaction kinetics of TiO2 photocatalysis ...
In designing water-retaining structures, movement joints can be installed in parallel with steel reinforcement. To control the movement of concrete due to seasonal variation of temperature, hydration temperature drop and shrinkage etc. two principal methods in design are used: to...
We show that the atmosphere above the oceans proximal to the land can yield substantial freshwater, sufficient to support large population centers across the globe, using appropriately engineered structures. Due to the practically limitless supply of water vapor from the oceans, this approach is ...
Research indicates that in liquid state, water molecules tend to cluster together into larger molecular structures (they do not exist simply as independent H2O molecules). If these structures are too large, they are not able to effectively penetrate the cell wall, compromising cell hydration, nutrie...