b, The groundwater model represents Tertiary igneous intrusive (Tmi); Permian, Cretaceous and Tertiary sandstones (PPm, Kd and Tw, respectively); Cretaceous mudstone (Kmv); Cretaceous shale (Km) and Quaternary alluvium (Qa). A description of the geologic units is provided in Supplementary Table ...
Full size image The onset of substantial glacial retreat on Svalbard near the start of the twentieth century15 enabled gaps to form in the cryospheric cap between the retreating glacier margin and the encroaching permafrost boundary. These discontinuities provide outlets for pressurized groundwater system...
(approximately 0.1 ppm), (b) contemporary water system construction materials do not leach heavy metal contaminants, and (c) test results for this attribute have uniformly been negative—there has not been a confirmed occurrence of a singular test failure (failure of only the Heavy metals test ...
70. We employed the Particle-particle particle-mesh (PPPM) algorithm to calculate the long-range interactions, with a cutoff of 1.0 nm applied for the Lennard-Jones potential. Periodic boundary conditions were applied in all three directions, and the water-air interface was oriented ...
The water purification system (ion exchange) must use resins which will not remove boron or the small amount (2 ppm) of LiOH or KOH used to reduce deposition of corrosion products, while removing other impurities. One problem with chemical shim is referred to as hideout and plateout. Hideout...
According to the results, the PO43− and HPO42− concentrations gradually increased during the first 36 h, and tended to stabilize at approximately 48 h (at values of approximately 11 ppm and 24 ppm, respectively), indicating that the 10% P/MoS2 catalyst was very stable ...
Full size image GR-I(for anion)=Cl−Cl−+HCO3− (7) GR-II(for cation)=Na++K+Na++K++Ca2+ (8) where all ions are represented as meq/L. Gibbs ratios for the all samples are plotted against TDS (ppm) in Fig. 6 to know whether the groundwater chemistry is due to rock do...
as well as the specified heat-flux for the antecedent recharge of the first and second experiments, respectively. Similarly, the chloride concentration of the first and second pre-experiment recharge and the corresponding reserved water was set to the background values of 11.8 and 5.46 ppm, respec...
Full size image Dust particles in the Martian atmosphere can possibly have various shapes, but limited information from direct observations (e.g., Pike et al.2011) makes it difficult to theoretically formulate their shapes precisely. Moreover, it is difficult to reproduce the effects of non-spher...
125 Both chemistries were able to remove more than 98% of the lead ions in a 50 ppm feed solution via selective binding between the metal ions and the thiol groups of the two ligands. Similar chemical flexibility can be realized in many precursor systems. Thiol-ene, copper(I)-catalyzed ...