Watertransportthroughcelllayerssuchastherootcortexiscomplex, butitrespondstowaterpotentialgradientsacrossthetissue. Throughoutthisjourneywatertransportispassiveinthesensethat thefreeenergyofwaterdecreasesasitmoves.Despiteitspassivenature, watertransportisfinelyregulatedbytheplanttominimizedehydra- tion,largelybyregulatin...
Upon absorption by the root, water first crosses the epidermis and then makes its way toward the center of the root crossing the cortex and endodermis before arriving at the xylem (Figure 4). Along the way, water travels in cell walls (apoplastic pathway) and/or through the inside o...
It is unclear to what extent water moves in cell walls (the apoplast) versus the connected protoplasm (symplast) of the root cortex external to the vascular cylinder (Boyer, 1985; Passioura, 1988b). However, presence of a Casparian strip at the endodermis of young roots indicates that water...
There are three different paths which water can take along that route: (i) the apoplastic path where water moves along cell walls and extracellular space between walls; (ii) the symplastic path where water moves through plasmodesmata from the protoplasm of one cell into the protoplasm of the ...
One occasionally hears that mineral-free water, and especiallydistilled water, are unhealthy because they "leach out" required minerals from the body. There is no truth to this; the fact is that mineral ions do not pass through cell walls by ordinary osmotic diffusion, but rather areactively ...
Since water always flows from a point of higher water potential (soil) to a point of lower water potential (atmosphere) it moves through capillary conduits up the trunk across different resistances. The inter-fibril cohesion of water in transpiring cell walls in the leaf mesophyll is so strong...
It is generally accepted that fluid migration from damaged cerebral vessels into intracranial spaces with limited compliance, leads to the creation of a pressure gradient that moves fluid to brain tissue [83]. Movement of water molecules following both hydrostatic and osmotic pressures drives this phen...
Water in the hoses can also cause the gauge to give a delayed reading as the water moves through the small holes. The pressure gauge should cover the range of launch pressures you intend to launch your rocket at. 0-200psi is a typical range for regular rockets. Pressure gauges are ...
Defensive applications involve levitating water around oneself as makeshift shields or walls/barriers, creating large domes of water, etc. Supplementary uses include transportation by surfing on waves, creating air-filled pockets to remain dry and breathe underwater, and suspending oneself midair on an...
In the apoplastic pathway, water moves in the free spaces (apoplast) within the plant that are unbounded by membranes and includes movement along cell walls and in intercellular spaces. In the symplastic pathway, water moves across the symplast, which consists of the cytoplasm and plasmodesmata (...