Water, substance composed of the chemical elements hydrogen and oxygen and existing in gaseous, liquid, and solid states. It is one of the most plentiful of compounds and has the important ability to dissolve many other substances, which was essential to
During water/gas injection scenarios, asphaltene may accumulate at the liquid–liquid and solid–liquid interfaces and form microemulsions (due to interfacial tension (IFT) reduction)24and alter the wettability of solid surfaces, respectively. Yet, the mechanisms of these two phenomena through asphaltene...
Within one molecule, coupling can occur between the stretch modes of the two O–H groups8, and strong intermolecular coupling of stretch modes makes its excitation quasi-instantaneously delocalized across several molecules in liquid water. The stretch modes are further coupled to the bending mode ...
Water is thus one of the very few substances whose solid form has a lower density than the liquid at the freezing point. Localized clusters of hydrogen bonds still remain, however; these are continually breaking and reforming as the thermal motions jiggle and shove the individual molecules. As ...
The water retention capacity of sand is known to be low, and the dip around 1400 nm is very much related to the O-H molecules in water, which are generally more abundant in silt and clay. This may explain the relatively low correlation between WC and the wavelength around 1400 nm. ...
These bioactive molecules have many applications in pharmaceutical, food, and other industries [1]. The plant-metabolite-derived pharmaceutical industry is estimated to reach USD 5 trillion by the year 2050 [2,3]. However, the limited production of plant secondary metabolites using conventional ...
Electrolysis is the process by which water molecules are split directly into hydrogen and oxygen molecules using electricity in anelectrolyserdevice. The two most common types of electrolysers are alkaline (uses apotassium hydroxideelectrolyte) and PEM (uses a solid polymer membrane electrolyte). Hydr...
Soluble antigenic biopolymer molecules (Ag), such as proteins, easily form immune complexes by binding to their corresponding (and also soluble) antibody molecules (Ab). If their binding occurs when Ag and Ab are present in solution at “optimal” or “equivalent” proportions such Ag.Ab complex...
When a liquid is in contact with a solid surface, its behavior depends on the relative magnitudes of the surface tension forces and the attractive forces between the molecules of the liquid and of those comprising the surface. If an H2O molecule is more strongly attracted to its own kind, th...
Molecular dynamics simulations were done for terminally alkyl and alkoxy substituted azobenzene liquid crystal (LC) molecules at an air-water interface using realistic (LC and water) molecular models. The simulation result were compared with those of a corresponding amphiphilic modification, i.e. ...