Influence of water hardness on removal of copper ions by ion-exchange-assisted electrodialysis [J]. Desalination,2004,162:249-254.Vasilyuk S L,Maltseva T V,Belyakov V N.Influence of water hardness on removal of copper ions by ion-exchange assisted electrodialysis[J].Desalination,2004,162 ( 1...
All parameters were considered including the main ion's absorption (Na+, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+, Cl-, Fe2+, As3+), temperature, pH, electrical conductivity, hardness, salinity, manganese. The investigated water samples and their analyses are shown in Table 1. Table 1. Hydro-geochemical analyses...
Notably, DO, exhibited higher values in winter compared to lower values in summer. Flow variations were evident between monsoon and non-monsoon seasons, with station 1 experiencing larger flows during the monsoon. Changes in water flow were observed in parameters like free CO2, hardness, alkalinity...
Reverse osmosis significantly reduced total organic carbon, conductivity, hardness, and TOC (p value < 0.001) (Table S7). Table 4 Effect of domestic filters on disinfection by-products (DBPs) concentrations in tap water. Full size table Urinary biomarkers of exposure Table 5 presents summary ...
Table5presents groundwater classification based on nitrate (NO3), chloride (Cl), total hardness (TH), electrical conductivity (EC), and total dissolved solids (TDS). Kudenda–Nassarawa area had TH above 300 mg/l, indicating very hard water. The TH values were less than 75 mg/l in Kakuri...
The water hardness was between 72 and 83 mg L−1, the pH between 7.0 and 7.5, and the dissolved oxygen concentration between 80 and 99%. To obtain natural male embryos, adult D. magna (Belgium clone) was reared in crowded conditions, and D. pulex was incubated at 18°C under a 10...
TH (total hardness) was obtained by using the EDTA titration method. Ammonium (NH4+), chlorine (Cl-), sulfate (SO42-), Fluoride (F-), nitrate (NO3-) and nitrite (NO2-) were measured on ion chromatography (ICS-2100, Dionex, USA). Parameter manganese (Mn), hexavalent chromium (Cr6+...
The extremely high average value for hardness (543.55 mg L−1) possibly reduced the toxicity potential of this chemical species mixture with respect to the bioindicators. The influence of the variation in water hardness on the toxicity of the cladocerans was discussed....
Atkinson T (1977) Carbon dioxide in the atmosphere of the unsaturated zone: an important control of groundwater hardness in limestones. J Hydrol 35:111–123. doi:10.1016/0022-1694(77)90080-4 Article Google Scholar Banks D, Sæther OM, Ryghaug P, Reimann C (2001) Hydrochemical distrib...
The hardness of water was recorded, and the lowering of hardness were observed during April and May. The level of total dissolved solids fell down at different locations. It is evident from Fig. 8 that total coliform’s value at various locations decreased to a great extent. With the ...