aIf solutes are more concentrated on one side of a semipermeable membrane (through which water, but not solutes, can pass easily), water flows to the side of higher concentration until the concentrations on both sides are the same. 如果溶质在不是水,但溶质,可能 (容易地穿一个半透膜的一边更被...
More than two billion people worldwide have suffered thyroid disorders from either iodine deficiency or excess. By creating the national map of groundwater iodine throughout China, we reveal the spatial responses of diverse health risks to iodine in cont
DTS in combination with hot water as a tracer was used to characterize groundwater-surface inflows [17], vertical groundwater flows in boreholes [18,19], and horizontal groundwater flow in an unconsolidated aquifer [20]. Another fiber-optic technology with a potential use for groundwater flow...
The concentration polarization occurs when, as feed water flows through the RO system, salts are retained by the semipermeable membrane and form a concentrated layer on its surface, as shown in Figure 1. The concentration at this point gradually increases because as the water flow continues to ...
(A) Water moves from areas of high water potential (i.e. close to zero in the soil) to low water potential (i.e., air outside the leaves). Details of the Cohesion-Tension mechanism are illustrated with the inset panels (A), where tension is generated by the evaporation of wat...
CO2 has to diffuse through water into oil and rupture the water barrier for a period of time. On the other hand, water barrier condensates the enriched CO2, when CO2 flows out with oil from dead-end. Two aspects postpone miscible process between CO2 and trapped oil. So, low speed ...
the gas in the bubble flows to the left largest circular regions along the microgroove. The surface of the right circular region does not change because its diameter is smaller than that of the left circular region. This result verifies the conclusion...
The obligatory renal water loss occurs because of the need to remove various solutes from the body, and thus the minimum water required for urine is dependent on the daily solute excretory load, which is determined primarily by diet and the maximum urinary concentration achievable. Sodium and ...
3a, c). As the TMA+ increase in the endolymph was caused by a proportional outflow of water from the endolymphatic compartment, we calculated osmotically induced transepithelial flows from the endolymph to perilymph (J v) to determine P f for the entire cochlear PEB and for OSCs that ...
Several simplified methods have been proposed in the literature to evaluate the annual balances of water flows in river basins [1]. However, the approaches commonly used are based on the elaboration of experimental data expressed through empirical formulas. Obviously, the feasibility of using more ...