The water sector in South Africa is faced with numerous challenges, among which include; increased flooding and prolonged droughts caused by increased clim
In order to adsorb phosphates from wastewater, aspen wood particles were treated in two stages with carboxymethyl cellulose and ferrous chloride solutions (Eberhardt and Min2008). The study's novel aspect was using carboxymethyl cellulose, a nontoxic anionic polymer, to create additional binding sites ...
Fresh water scarcity is a global planetary challenge, which might escalate in the near future due to uncontrolled population growth, climate change, and water pollution1,2. The urgent demand for increasing water supply beyond the hydrological cycle has necessitated advanced treatment processes aiming to...
Most of the reference literature on asset management recommends a whole-life costing approach (also known as life-cycle approach). However, this is not directly applicable to urban water infrastructures and other networked infrastructures that have indefinite lives and behave as sys...
The experimental results showed that when the ring granite was influenced by the inner diameters, heating temperatures, curing temperatures and heat recovery cycle times, the impact load-strain curves were nonlinear. However, the concave stages, platform stages and cliff-like drop stages appeared in ...
In double lime treatment, lime is used in both the stages. After the two-stage process, the effluent is sent to a settler where the precipitates are removed to get clarified water. Alum and polyelectrolyte may be used to improve the clarity of water. The fluoride level below 10 mg/L as...
A review of recent studies highlights three main challenges that would impact water sustainability due to CCS installation: (1) water requirements needed for different stages of CCS, (2) changes in groundwater quality due to carbon leakage into geologic formations, and (3) opportunities for using...
The reported water use database was developed in two stages. First, water accounting standards for the minerals industry were reviewed to identify suitable data categories for describing water flows between mining operations and surrounding environments, as well as possible internal flows within mining ...
Figure 1. Schematic diagram of water resource cycle. Researchers have reviewed the application of machine learning in water resource modeling, laying the foundation for further in-depth research [23,24,25]. Mosaffa et al. reviewed the application of machine learning in flood, precipitation estimat...
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