In order to meet these goals, an innovative and flexible approach is required. This needs to be supported by research. The City of Durban is considered as a leader in the provision of sustainable water and sanitation services and has had a major influence ...
IISD's coverage of AMCOW-6 is available online at: http:// www.iisd.ca/africa/water/amcow/ SECOND AFRICAN CONFERENCE ON SANITATION AND HYGIENE: The second African Conference on Sanitation and Hygiene (AfricaSan +5) was held from 18-21 February 2008, in Durban, South Africa. At the end...
sanitationurine diversionwaterWithin the international water sector, Durban's municipal practitioners have been widely celebrated, for innovations in retail pricing, new product development, creative service delivery and community participation. However, in a society as divided as South Africa, with a ...
The introduction and augmentation of water supply and sanitary reform were amongst the primary municipal issues in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries in South Africa. The most important parts of Durban's early water supply and sanitation infrastructure were built during the tenure of ...
sanitationStruggles for the right to basic water and sanitation in Chatsworth and Inanda, Durban, have largely been undertaken by civil society organisations lead by women and comprising mainly female membership. This Perspective, following a typology put forward by Rachel Einwohner, Jocelyn Hollander ...
Several water-related targets of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) are at risk due to land conversions into arable land, especially with regard to SDG 6 (Clean Water and Sanitation) and SDG 15 (Life on Land) [13,14]. Several studies investigated the impact of LULCC and climate ...
(appearance of a bubble large enough to fill the concavity at the top of the tubes) after 24 h of incubation indicated a positive presumptive test forE. coli-form bacteria [25]. The most probable number (MPN) index was determined by comparing the pattern of positive results (the number of...
Poor and inadequate sanitation systems have been considered not only a human health issue, but also an environmental threat that instigates climate change. Nine heavy metals—arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), cobalt (Co), chromium (Cr), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), nickel (Ni), lead (Pb), and...
Keywords: sanitation; treated wastewater; effluent disposal; microbial indicators; guidelines Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2014, 11 250 1. Introduction Safe drinking water and proper sanitation have constantly been recognized as indispensable factors to sustain life. Nevertheless, despite ...
Sanitation and Hygiene in Developing Countries Alua Omarova 1 ID , Kamshat Tussupova 2,3,*, Ronny Berndtsson 3, Marat Kalishev 1 ID and Kulyash Sharapatova 4 1 Department of Nutrition and General Hygiene, Karaganda State Medical University, Gogol Street 40, Karaganda 100008, Kazakhstan; alu...