5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 L/D (a) 0 L Wind -10 -20 Downstream turbine -30 Upstream turbine -40 βup = βdown 7.5° 15.0° 22.5° -50 βdown increases decreases -60 -70 βup ≠βdown 15.0° 22.5° 15.0° 7.5° 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 L/D (b) L Wind Figure 9....
3. Results In this section, we present results from the large-eddy simulations of the two-turbine set up described in the previous section, operating in a neutrally-stratified atmospheric boundary layer flow over a flat terrain. As mentioned earlier, we considered two instances of turbulence ...
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The energy loss due to the wake effect in onshore wind farms accounts for about 5%–10% of the entire energy production [14], while the percentage reaches up to approximately 15% in offshore wind farms, because of its higher installation density compared to onshore wind farms [15–17]. ...