Time and space-averaged measurements of particle morphology and velocity during conversion were obtained with 2D particle tracking velocimetry (PTV) together with image analysis. Carrier gas flow acted as thermal ballast, affecting the heating rate to the gas and particles. Heterogeneity in morphological...
The Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) equations and the transport of the scalar quantities as the turbulent kinetic energy k and the dissipation rate ε defining the entire turbulent problem of the fluid (the fluid is water in this case) are solved using the finite volume method (FVM) ...
et al. Modelling the flow of power law fluids in a packed bed using a volume-averaged equation of motion. Transp Porous Med 23, 175–196 (1996). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00178125 Download citation Received27 June 1995 Revised11 December 1995 Issue DateMay 1996 DOIhttps://doi.org/...
注册 论文 > 毕业论文 > representative volume element size:代表性体积单元尺寸 下载文档 收藏 打印 转格式 536阅读文档大小:549.91K21页浙大文库上传于2014-10-28格式:PDF Noname manuscript No. (will be inserted by the editor) Residual stresses in random elastic composites: nonlocal micromechanics-based ...
The former corresponds to the pressure correction predicted by a staggered grid procedure, whereas the latter simply accounts for the difference between the point value of the pressure and the cell-averaged value of the pressure. The new pressure correction equation facilitates ( in a significant ...
Table 1 Averaged data from individual experiments (between 8 and 13 experiments were performed for each of the four conditions, see Supplementary Tables S1–S4 for details). Full size table Figure 3 Typical time-lapsed images from the beginning to the end of each respective experiment. (a) LE...
The 2D surface roughness parameters were measured at five equally spaced locations in feed direction on each milled surface and then averaged to obtain the final value. Whereas the 3D measurement was performed in the sampling area of 1.6 mm × 1.6 mm without additional filtering and the final ...
The initial (elastic) slope of the nominal stress–strain curve is the volume-averaged uni-axial elastic modulus of PC and PMMA. At point (a), the contour plot for 2ξ0 in Fig. 18 indicates that 5 elements in PMMA have initiated crazes. These elements correspond to the surface and ...
Although the actual reaction time necessary to process a given amount of feed may be substantially less than for a time-averaged reactor such as a CSTR, when the hold-up time is added, the total process time may be greater. Other disadvantages of the batch reactor are dependent on the ...
averaged over the gate time. These photo-pulse count values are interfaced to a computer which is programmed to detect changes in the count values, signifying a sharp fluctuation of fluorescence corresponding to the passage of a particle of interest through the effective sample volume. This is ...