aCartoon depiction of a strategy for tracing the vagus nerve from the colon.bNative fluorescence whole-map analysis of left- and right- ganglion and vagus nerves (white arrow) after colonic infection with CTB-555 in C57BL/6J mice. The yellow arrows point to infected neurons. All scale bars...
accumulation of IAPV or KBV to high levels, sufficient to induce cell death. 4. DWV persistently infects the AmE-711 cell line, mimicking chronic infection by this virus at the individual bee and colony levels. On addition of the heterologous strong suppressor of RNAi, CrPV-1A, DWV ...
with that in pMAS2027 [GenBank: NC_013503] and pOLA52 [GenBank: NC_010378]. The expression of type 3 fimbriae in pMAS2027 and pOLA52 determines their biofilm formation [47,48]. The biofilm formation assay showed that both PCN033 and PCN061 strains were biofilm producers, and that PCN061...
B6J mice (n = 16) treated with intraperitoneal injections of either vehicle or 20 mg/kg PQQ long-term were euthanized by cervical dislocation after 15 days from the starting point. Eyes were enucleated and retinas dissected in ice-cold HBSS. A second operator isolated the optic nerves fr...
Wire Hang Test A single 2-mm diameter wire from a metal hanger was used in this test. The vertical distance between the wire and fall point was set at 37 cm. The mouse was lifted by the tail and allowed to grasp the middle of a metal wire with its forepaws. The hanging latency was...
In vivo animal models are commonly used to simulate IBD. Still, they are too complicated to adjust the multiple IBD factors separately. Moreover, because of the vast inter-species variability between animal models and people, the success of IBD therapy is difficult to predict [11]. As a resu...
The implementation of imaging technologies has dramatically increased the efficiency of preclinical studies, enabling a powerful, non-invasive and clinically translatable way for monitoring disease progression in real time and testing new therapies. The
The aligned 3D files were then converted into point clouds with approximately five million points for each virtual model. Individual deviation analysis was performed for each obtained model using a color map, in order to test the precision of the measurements. This process simulates the follow up...
Each point represents the mean value ± S.D. of at least two independent experiments performed in triplicate. 2.2. Nitric Oxide Production In the inflammation process, NO is produced by inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and, as the main pro-inflammatory mediator, plays a key role in ...