Vitamin K deficiency is seldom naturally encountered in higher animals because the vitamin is usually adequately supplied in the diet, besides being synthesized by intestinal bacteria. In humans, deficiency may occur following the administration of certain drugs that inhibit the growth of the vitamin-...
Vitamin D is classified as an immunomodulatory hormone that is synthesized because of skin exposure to sunlight. It is known to come into play during the regulation of hormone secretion, immune functions, cell proliferation, and differentiation. Its deficiency can cause many diseases and their associa...
Vitamins cannot be synthesized by the cells of an animal but are vital for normal cell function. Certain plants manufacture these substances, and they are passed on when the plants are eaten as food. Not all vitamins are required in the diets of all animals. For example, vitamin C is ...
pigments that can be converted to vitamin A in the body; of these pigments, beta-carotene(provitamin A) is an excellent source of vitamin activity. The existence of vitamin A was first clearly recognized in 1913, its chemical nature was established in 1933, and it was first synthesized in ...
to poverty or accessibility. Research on increasing the intake of Vit C through agronomic crops has expanded for many reasons. One of the most important reasons being that Vit C is not biosynthesized by humans, and so must be consumed4. Ever since the discovery that Vit C plays major role...
[14]. In humans, vitamin D3(VD3) has more potency compared to vitamin D2owing to its greater efficiency to raise blood serum levels of the bioactive metabolites of vitamin D [15]. Upon exposure to UV radiation, VD3 is naturally synthesized in human skin cells. However, due to low ...
(poly)ADP-ribosylation are important mediators of cell signaling and protein expression [64]. Niacin is synthesized from tryptophan, but in small quantities relative to a healthy dietary intake [65]. Deficiency, known as pellagra, is marked by dermatitis and severe gastrointestinal/neurological ...
Vitamin B6 is an essential nutrient with extensive applications in the medicine, food, animal feed, and cosmetics industries. Pyridoxine (PN), the most common commercial form of vitamin B6, is currently chemically synthesized using expensive and toxic ch
Vitamin C (VC) is an indispensable antioxidant and co-factor for optimal function and development of eukaryotic cells. In animals, VC can be synthesized by the organism, acquired through the diet, or both. In the single VC synthesis pathway described in animals, the penultimate step is catalyse...
(heterodimer of vitamin D3 and vitamin A) complex. CAMP in combination with defencins—also part of AMP—kill all pathogens. You may recognize some of the ones that are synthesized and used as drugs: Gramicidin, bacitracin, polymyxin B, and vancomycin. The beauty is that the human body ...