Only the simplest virions are assembled from the primary products of protein synthesis; that is, individual polypeptides; in most cases virion capsids are constructed from distinct assembly units (“capsomeres”) of several components, themselves often derived by modification or cleavage of precursors...
Plant viruses have gained more scopes of application in nanobiotechnology, due to their stable chemical structure, ease of production, multifunctionality, and harmlessness from accidental pathogenicity in humans [96]. Virus-like particles are nonpathogenic protein cages, composed of the viral capsids ...
Bacterial microcompartments (BMC) are proteinaceous organelles that structurally resemble viral capsids, but encapsulate enzymes that perform various specialized biochemical reactions in the cell cytoplasm. The BMC are constructed from two major shell proteins, BMC-H and BMC-P, which form the facets ...
Cells switch from the secretion to the amplification pathway in response to envelope protein concentration change It has been reported that at the start of the infection the amplification pathway is more active, namely capsids are more frequently re-imported to the nucleus, resulting in the enhancem...
Procapsids are typically constructed of a few quasiequivalent proteins that self-assemble into an icosahedral shell aided by a scaffolding protein3–5. The portal complex is assembled at a unique vertex to provide a canal for DNA entry and release during packing and infection, respectively6. DNA...
The Antarctic continent is considered the coldest and driest place on earth with simple ecosystems, devoid of higher plants. Soils in the ice-free regions of Antarctica are known to harbor a wide range of microorganisms from primary producers to grazers,
These rAAV particles consist of rAAV DNA from serotype 2 packaged in capsids from AAV serotype 8 (rAAV-8) [40] or serotype 9 (rAAV-9) [39, 41], whose tropisms for striated mouse muscle had previously been established [50, 51]. Pairs of these vectors encoding sgRNAs and either S....
The virus capsids and viral RNA accumulate rapidly for the formation of mature virus particles. It is postulated that cellular chaperones are involved in supporting the replicating cycle [63]. Studies on virus gene expression in host cells and changes in host cell protein homeostasis i.e. ...
from the phage nucleus are captured by the packaging ATPase at the base of the capsid and the process of spooling DNA into the capsid transports them to the shell surface; or (3) via “capsid trafficking,” in which the PhuZ spindle plays a role in transporting capsids to the phage ...
We introduce Viral Phrenology, a new scheme for understanding the genomic composition of spherical viruses based on the locations of their structural protrusions. We used icosahedral point arrays to classify 135 distinct viral capsids collected from over