and in the philosophy of science. Much of the biotic world is still unknown to us in many ways. A long-standing debate in the philosophy of the life sciences is on reductionism versus holism, a parts-based view
In the intact organism, behavior is the result of the interaction of this background of excitation with input from any designated stimulus.’ [4] At the same time, in order to create a model of hierarchically organized behaviors, Tinbergen also, in effect, borrowed two key concepts of state...
View is from the back of the retina. (M) Checkerboard scene from (I) was used to illuminate the real OLED screen; the resulting image (through the real positive meniscus lens) on the retina of an extracted mouse eye is shown, as viewed from a camera at the back of the retina. (N ...
As stated by the French biologist and physician Henri Laborit [60], the motivation of living beings is being, i.e. maintaining their organic structure. Whereas this statement is obvious for basal animals, it is too often neglected when studying high-level cognitive functions, particularly in hum...
The developmental origin and anatomical location of thermogenic adipocytes Generally, the defining feature of active thermogenic adipocytes has been the expression of the mitochondrial protein uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) and multilocular lipid droplet appearance. Therefore, both brown and beige adipocytes ...
This misconception is amplified by the term 'blood-brain barrier' incorrectly used to describe all anatomical barriers of the brain, with no clear specification as to which particular barrier a researcher is considering. There are four (major) independent barriers in the brain (Figure 1). These ...
We describe a computer vision-based mosaicking method for in vivo videos of reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM). RCM is a microscopic imaging technique, which enables the users to rapidly examine tissue in vivo. Providing resolution at cellular-level morphology, RCM imaging combined with mosaicking...
Brain connectivity research focuses on anatomical pathways, interactions and communications between different regions of the central nervous system. The connectivity analysis based on brain activity can be undirected or directed and classified as functional, if it measures the statistical dependence of signal...
Background Lignin, after cellulose, is the second most abundant biopolymer accounting for approximately 15-35% of the dry weight of wood. As an important component during wood formation, lignin is indispensable for plant structure and defense. However, it is an undesirable component in the pulp ...
This passage is from Driesch’sAnalytical theory of development, one of the great and influential books in the history of developmental biology. Inspired by ideas of Wilhelm Roux who had coined the termEntwicklungsmechanik, Driesch started his research with the goal to explain development on the ...