1) England followed France, & America followed England; 2) Trade & communication with other parts of the world was limited; e.g. Japan was an isolationist country until the end of the Shogun era; 3) France made great fabrics, laces, notions, & designs 4) The French, uninhibited compared...
Dunedin. However, the name was given and has remained. The Filleuls were French Hugenots who came to England at the time of the massacre of St Bartholemew (1572).’ The FIlleul brothers , Richard Anthony Filleul and William Gabriel Filleul, were born in Jersey in the Channel Islands ...
half the world). The period saw the rise of a highly idealized notion of what is “English” or what constitutes an “Englishman.” This notion is obviously tied very closely to the period’s models for proper behavior, and is also tied very closely to England’s imperial enterprises.[1]...
Firm size1881(England and Wales)1987(UK)Percentage change 1987–1881 BinsFirmsEmployees% EmpFirmsEmployees% Emp% Ch in Firms% Ch in Emp% Ch in % Emp 1–4 106,252 234,431 10.9 445,596 1,213,212 8.4 319.4 417.5 −23.2 5–9 37,922 247,681 11.6 234,079 1,559,844 10.8 517.3 529....
In two classic studies about poverty in the Victorian period, she has shown that the popular image of Dickensian squalor-epitomized by the figure of young Oliver Twist in the workhouse-must be supplemented by the countless reform movements that proliferated in Victorian England and that did so ...
Verandah wards with folding windows, usually occupying the length of one side, originated in Denmark, and were introduced to England by Charles Ernest Elcock at the County Hospital, Hertford. Beds were placed parallel to the the side walls in groups of four, separated by glass partitions, inste...
Born in North East England in 1832, a child of the coal fields, Mary Ann Cotton grew up in poverty with the dream of escaping the hard life of a miner’s family, a goal she came tantalizingly close to achieving. Her chosen means were her good looks, sexual allure, and the dirty secr...
The first Christmas cards in England were designed for Sir Henry Cole, the Chairman of the Society of the Arts. Victorian Christmas Card © Oberholster Venita via Pixabay The year was 1846 and the first 100 Christmas cards, designed by John Calcott Horsley, were printed at great expense whi...
(Schürer and Higgs 2020). This provides complete listings of the inhabitants of England and Wales in the censuses of 1851, 1861, 1881, 1891, 1901, and 1911, including names, ages, and answers to all the questions asked in those censuses. Data on old age pauperism at the aggregate level...
It begins, ‘One of the greatest charms to us of Miss Austen’s novel [sic] is the complete change of scene they afford: we are transferred at once to an old world which we can scarcely believe was England only half-a-century ago.’ (1866, p. 239.) The article then moves to a ...