Vertebral formulae, the combination of regional numbers of vertebrae making up the bony spine, vary across vertebrates and within hominoid primates. Reconstructing the ancestral vertebral formulae throughout hominoid evolution has proved a challenge due to limited fossil evidence and disagreement among ...
that the peroneus tertius muscle occurs at a lower frequency in monkeys and apes than in humans, and this tells us something about its evolution — may rise to the top in one cell (comparative anatomy), but not make it over to the neighboring cell (clinical anatomy)...
For example, the caudal extent of the spinal cord is around T12 to L2 in adult humans, and L3 to L4 in adult mice and rats. There are at least two possible explanations for the phenotypes seen in Hoxb13 mutants. One possibility is that there is a defect in the early events of tail...
288-1 possessed five sacral vertebrae as in modern humans; thus, sacral number in "Lucy" does not indicate a directional change in vertebral count that can provide information on the PLCA ancestral condition. Am J Phys Anthropol 156:295–303, 2015. 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. 展开 关键词:...
Changes in the number of thoracic vertebrae appear to be subject to weaker selection, in good correspondence with the weaker evolutionary constraint on these numbers. Our analysis highlights the role of prenatal selection in the conservation of our common body plan....
The most parsimonious explanation is that they did not differ from modern humans in the segmentation of the vertebral column.doi:10.1006/jhev.2002.0595Martin HaeuslerSandra A. MartelliThomas BoeniElsevier LtdJournal of Human EvolutionHaeusler M, Martelli SA, Boeni T. Vertebrae numbers of the early...
There was no difference in plasma values of calcium, phosphorus, osteocalcin, or tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase between groups or differences in osteoblast numbers in histologic sections. There was a significant ( P <0.001) decrease in plasma creatinine in the diabetic animals. The results ...
288-1 possessed five sacral vertebrae as in modern humans; thus, sacral number in Lucy does not indicate a directional change in vertebral count that can provide information on the PLCA ancestral condition. Am J Phys Anthropol 156:295-303, 2015. (c) 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.Russo, ...