Other actions may also lead to an elder feeling powerless or shamed. Verbal insults and attempts to humiliate an elder, threatening to harm a family member, and emotional or economic blackmail further isolate the victim and decrease their feelings of control (Pico-Alfonso et al., 2006). This ...
Verbal abuse can be described as stealthy; it leaves wounds that are not visible to the naked eye. As it harms the mind and spirit, it can be more difficult to recognize than physical abuse. Also, its victims become so torn down by it that they are often unable to notice the abuse th...