The abundances of the principal atmospheric constituents and the temperature and pressure profiles down to the Venus surface were obtained for the first time. It was shown that the atmosphere is composed primarily of CO 2 and that N 2 (if any) and H 2O are relatively minor admixtures. In ...
Two other known constituents of the cloudtop atmosphere are also photochemically active: (X.84)HCI+hv→H+CI (X.85)SO2+hv→SO+O. The first of these is an important source of atomic H, feeding (by diffusion) the upper atmosphere with a steady stream of H. The latter reaction is yet ...
Venus may have experienced a runawaygreenhouse effectin the geological past. To use the term 'runaway' is to refer to a highly specific process when discussed by planetary scientists. Simply having a very hot, high-CO2atmosphereis not it. So let's start with a tutorial on Venus at the ...
Deeper in the atmosphere, other remote sensing techniques, or in situ measurements, must be utilized in order to characterize the particle properties. The Pioneer Venus Large probe Particle Size Spectrometer (LCPS) sampled the clouds of Venus from an altitude of about 65 km down to the surface...
We discuss the observations of and production mechanisms for the extended exospheres and models for the escape of lighter species from the atmosphere. Over the last decade and a half, models have attempted to explain the unexpectedly cold temperatures in the Venus thermosphere; recently considerable ...
photochemistry martian atmosphereminor constituents methane on mars venusphotochemistry venusnight airglow venuslower atmosphere chemistryThis paper deals with two common problems and then considers major aspects of chemistry in the atmospheres of Mars and Venus. (1) The atmospheres of the terrestrial ...
The structure of the neutral atmosphere at high altitudes is of key significance to ionospheric structure. Although CO2 is the major constituent up to and including the main layer of the ionosphere, lighter gases such as O, He, and H probably play important roles at heights between the main ...
Spectroscopy for the investigation of the characteristics of the atmosphere of Venus (SPICAV) is a suite of three spectrometers in the UV and IR range with a total mass of 13.9 kg flying on the Venus Express (VEX) orbiter, dedicated to the study of the atmosphere of Venus from ground ...
Photochemistry Martian atmosphereMinor constituents methane on Mars VenusPhotochemistry VenusNight airglow VenusLower atmosphere chemistryThis paper deals with two common problems and then considers major aspects of chemistry in the atmospheres of Mars and Venus. (1) The atmospheres of the terrestrial ...
AtmosphereCompositionCO2/N2 mixturesVeGa-2 temperature profileBased on the only reliable temperature profile available in the deepest 10 km layer above Venus' surface (obtained by the VeGa-2 landing probe), the mixing conditions of the main constituents of Venus's atmosphere, CO and N, have been...