North America is home to 2 distinct families of venomous snakes: 1) Viperidae, which includes the rattlesnakes, copperheads, and cottonmouths; and 2) Elapidae, in which the only native species are the coral snakes. Although some of these snakes are easily identified, some are not, and ...
In this review, we evaluated venomous snakes in Turkey, as well as the symptoms related these venomations and principles of current first aid and treatments and possible complications. Geographically, mostly vipers as most venomous snakes were found to be in Turkey. The people who work or travel...
PLA2s are enzymes that hydrolyze the sn-2 ester bond of phospholipids, and are abundant in the venoms of snakes and insects as well as in mammalian pancreatic juices. It is well known that PLA2s in snake venom are associated with various pathological symptoms in poisonings [9]. The hemolyt...
Since snakes are defensive animals and rarely attack, they will remain immobile or even attempt to retreat if given the opportunity. Bites most commonly occur in curious children or in individuals who handle and harass the snake. The severity of envenomation also depends on the location of the b...
However, the biochemistry of hematophagy has been studied in a few species of direct medical interest and is still underdeveloped in most invertebrates, as in general is the study of venom toxins. In cone snails, leeches, arthropods and snakes, the strong target specificity of venom toxins ...
whereas others use mouth annexes such as fangs in snakes or chelicerae in spiders. In the latter situation, the victim may be affected by venom and by the animal’s oral flora [3,4,5,6]. Annually, 5 to 7 thousand people are bitten by snakes in Iran, and the average mortality due ...
Lectins are also present in venoms of various snakes and other poisonous animals [34]. Aiming at to stand out the importance of these molecules, as future interest to isolate new peptides or proteins in order to characterize their role in the loxoscelism, as well as their pharmacological or...
Whereas sea anemone, snakes and other venomous animals present mainly Kunitz-type inhibitors, PIs from Anurans present the major variety in structure length and number of Cys residues, with at least six distinguishable cl...
Methods: An integrated effort of direct observations of snakes, qualitative analysis of museum specimen records, clinical records of snakebites, and scholarly literature records were used to understand the pattern of distribution of venomous snakes in Bangladesh. Results: We enlist 65 venomous snake ...
snakesspidersHymenopterabeesantsINTRODUCTION: Climate change has been scientifically documented, and its effects on wildlife have been prognosticated. We sought to predict the overall impact of climate change on venomous terrestrial species. We hypothesize that given the close relationship between terrestrial...