2.6). They extend from the venous sinuses of the cranium throughout the vertebral canal. At each intervertebral foramen, intervertebral veins connect the ventral internal vertebral venous plexus with the vertebral veins of the neck, intercostal veins of the thorax (azygos and costocervical veins),...
The diploic veins have been suggested to be involved in the excretion of cerebrospinal fluid and intracranial waste products; however, to date, there have been no reports evaluating the space surrounding the diploic veins. Therefore, we aimed to visualize the distribution of gadolinium-based contras...