When measuring the unevenness of the pavement, the professional pavement meter or level can be used to measure on the actual pavement to get the unevenness value on the longitudinal section of the pavement, and the large amount of data obtained from the measurement can be imported into the comp...
Vehicle dynamics control systems have a fundamental role in smart and autonomous mobility, where one of the most crucial aspects is the vehicle body velocity estimation. In this paper, the problem of a correct evaluation of the vehicle longitudinal velocity for dynamic control applications is approach...
The energy consumption of an induction motor is calculated using a “d-q” model based on magnetic flux estimator and mechanical load models. The selection of this model is due to the strict requirement of high model accuracy and transient response. With the explored variable references, the ...
For a speed of 60 km/h, there was an apparent increase in the amplitude value at a preset mass imbalance of 0.04 kg and 0.08 kg at the first harmonic (f1) in the x- and z-directions (Figure 5). The occurring increase in the peak value of the spectrum in harmonics f1, f2, f3 ...
State of charge estimation of battery energy storage systems based on adaptive unscented Kalman filter with a noise statistics estimator. IEEE Access 2017, 5, 13202–13212. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] Chaoui, H.; Golbon, N.; Hmouz, I.; Souissi, R.; Tahar, S. Lyapunov-based adaptive ...
By using model (11), it is possible to establish a set of 𝐶𝛼 values that include a nominal value and its deviation within a bounded range, where 𝑘𝑦𝑖 is the identified model parameter for a given soft soil and 𝛼∗ is the lateral slip operating point. On the other hand...
Regarding the battery simulation, the main block is the “Battery pack”, where the Thévenin equivalent circuit model equations are implemented and solved, then the battery current and voltage is determined for that power level. The current then is inputted in the “SOC Estimator” that implements...
Figure 8. Block diagram of the DTC technique for an IM in an EV system. The torque and flux estimator block uses the measured voltage, current, and stator resistances in order to estimate the torque and flux. The flux is estimated using the stator voltage equation of an IM as given by...
To transfer energy from 𝐶𝑒𝑙𝑙2Cell2 to 𝐶𝑒𝑙𝑙4Cell4, it must pass for the 𝐶𝑒𝑙𝑙3Cell3 before. In this work, an inductor of 500 μμF was used, leading to a ripple of 0.4 A. The value of the inductor leads to a bulky element. The value of the ...
Different mathematical models for similar devices have been proposed—from an individual MR damper model to models of the whole car body. Many authors are trying to optimize dampers using different control algorithms, models and controllers, such as: (i). semi-active damping force estimator [38]...