policy transfer method (knowledge of policies at a time and place is used to develop policies at another time and place. The authors argue that research to manage future uncertainties of AV in public transport is necessary. Building upon and combining the works of Bulkeley and Kern (2006) and...
Khamis and Gomaa [105] made the traffic light agents transfer the Q-value table parameters to each other, so that they could cooperate effectively in the RL process to solve the problem of large-scale urban traffic light control. Moreover, Sharma and Singh [106] improved traditional Q-...
Specifically, sequential CAN IDs are stacked to form a CAN frame matrix, which is the input for training a compact Resnet model. Compared to previous studies [7,34,37], which apply transfer learning from a specific car model, the global representation from our proposed system contains all ...
For speed control of electric vehicles, researchers used several control techniques. A widely used control technique, PID [73], adjusts the output based on proportional, integral, and derivative terms. It provides stability and steady-state accuracy by continuously changing control actions based on t...
Electric vehicles (EVs) are widely promoted as clean alternatives to conventional vehicles for reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from ground transportation. However, the battery undergoes a sophisticated degradation process during EV operations and
Wireless charging systems allow transfer of energy from a source placed on or under the ground, to a vehicle equipped with an energy capture device. Charging occurs automatically when the vehicle is parked, with no physical contact between the vehicle and the charging source. WiTricity has already...
For SAM to flourish, travelers must be able to transfer seamlessly between different modes. A commuter might take a robo-taxi from home to the nearest train station then grab an electric scooter to get the final mile from the train stop to the office. If this process is...
The two bumpers of each vehicle are considered as lumped masses, and dealt as one mass to transfer the load from one vehicle to another. Fig. 2 shows the vehicle model before and after collision in case of offset frontal vehicle-to-vehicle crash scenario. The equations of motion of the ...
A heat shield is on the capsule bottom, while at the top there is an access hatch and sample transfer mechanism that can be moved robotically to enable the transfer of sample material. The Return Vehicle includes batteries, a guidance system, attitude control thrusters, communication systems ...
When the transceiver circuit 60 receives the data, the gateway ECU 50 determines whether the received data should be transferred to another network by checking the source ID and the data ID appended to the received data based on transfer information stored in the memory (i.e., by checking ...