Traces of segmented regions of interest were plotted as ΔF/F0 = (F(t) − F0)/F0, where F0 is defined as the average of all the fluorescence values before the electrical stimulation. The rise time was defined as the time required for the rising phase of the signal to reach...
Considered by some to be among the simpler forms of life, viruses represent highly evolved natural vectors for the transfer of foreign genetic information into cells. This attribute has led to extensive attempts to engineer recombinant viral vectors for the delivery of therapeutic genes into diseased...
species and to highlight the great spectrum of possible veterinary and public health threats it poses. Canine babesiosis caused byBabesia canisis a severe leading canine vector-borne disease in many endemic areas. Although less frequently thanIxodes ricinus,D. reticulatusadults bite humans and transmit...
Lentiviruses have been extensively used as gene delivery vectors since the mid-1990s. Usually derived from the human immunodeficiency virus genome, they mediate efficient gene transfer to non-dividing cells, including neurons and glia in the adult mammalian brain. In addition, integration of the recom...
Colonization , in its biological sense, can be defined as the process by which species spread to new areas. It implies not only the physical arrival of the species, but also its successful establishment within the local community. Oceanic islands, like the Hawaiian and the Galapagos archipelagos...
The mice were observed at least once daily for signs of illness, which were defined as any one or more of the following: weight loss, hunching, lethargy, rapid breathing, skin discoloration or irregularities, bloating, hemi-paresis, visibly enlarged lymph nodes, and visible solid tumors under ...
15, 16 As DNA vaccines are nonreplicating, they eliminate the risk of attenuation reversions in the host, dissemination in the recipient, the unintended consequences of secondary infections by transfer to unvaccinated populations, and they can be delivered to high-risk groups, including ...
The basic reproduction number, R0, is defined as the expected number of secondary cases of a disease produced by a single infection in a completely susceptible population. The value of R0 can be estimated in several ways, for example, of the stability analysis of a compartmental model, through...
UM allowed a rapid analysis of marker fluorescence expression in neurons with intact projections deep inside the brain, in defined anatomical structures. Major hippocampal neuronal transduction was observed with both vectors, with slightly better efficacy for AAV9 in UM. Glial response and synaptic ...
which is referred to as the ‘active zone’. The active zone consists of a plane of infrared light (Fig.3) projected by infrared lamps mounted on one Photonic Fence tower and reflected from a retroreflector on the other tower which is placed opposite of it at a defined distance (Fig.3)...