Horrigan.Vapor Pressure of the metallic elements. Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly . 1984C. B. Alcock, V. P. Itkin, and M. K. Horrigan, "Vapor Pressure of the Metallic Elements," Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly
If metallic elements are added directly to the high-pressure mercury arc they would deposit on or react with the wall of the arc tube. To prevent this they are added as iodides, such as NaI or ScI3. This creates a regenerative cycle in which the NaI and ScI3 are heated and dissociated...
8. The method of claim 7, wherein the carrier gas is heated to a temperature at which the vapor pressure of the metallic element or salt of at least 5 mTorr. 9. The method of claim 7, wherein the carrier gas is heated to a temperature between about 100 and 1000° C. 10. The ...
The technology of these lasers has been difficult, primarily because of the high temperature at which the laser tube must be operated to keep the metal in vapor form at a reasonable pressure (around 1500°C in the case of gold). Because these lasers offer desirable wavelengths, they have ...
Similar results have also been obtained for the metallic group IV elements Sn and Pb. This is in direct contradiction to current assumptions. Further, as a consequence of this quadratic behavior, the vapor pressure of semiconductor nanoparticles rises more slowly with decreasing size than would be ...
The valve member is movable within the chamber and a sealing element is movably located on the point-bearing surface of the valve member. The sealing element may be metallic and is configured to releasably seal the opening when the valve member is urged in a direction towards the opening. ...
Copper vapor lasers are the most powerful metal vapor lasers. They are excited with intense current pulses and generate nanosecond pulses at 510.6 nm (green) or 578.2 nm (yellow). The copper temperature needs to be rather high (around 700 °C) to achieve a sufficiently high vapor pressure (...
vapor pressure for 3DBO nanoporosity. We demonstrate that extensive elements, regardless of chemical activity, can be fabricated as nanoporous materials with tunable pore sizes. Importantly, the evaporated components can be fully recovered. This environmentally friendly dealloying method paves a way to ...
In most cases, sputter deposition of a material from a compound target results in a loss of some of the more volatile material (e.g., oxygen from SiO2), and this loss is often made up of deposition in an ambient containing a partial pressure of the reactive gas; this process may be ...
A stable ferrofluid composition which comprises a colloidal dispersion of finely-divided magnetic particles in a liquid, low-pressure, polyphenyl ether carrier and a dispersing amount of a surfactant, which surfactant comprises a polyphenyl ether surfactant containing a functional group, such as an acidi...