Net calorific valueat constant volume is the absolute value of the specific energy of combustion, in joules, for unit mass of the biofuel burned in oxygen under conditions of constant volume and such that all the water of the reaction products remains as water vapour (in a hypothetical state ...
The higher heating value of natural gas refers to the total heat released when a specified amount of natural gas is completely burned, including the latent heat of vaporization released by the condensation of water vapor in flue gas into water. ...
Calorific value is defined as the amount of calories generated when a unit amount of substance is completely oxidized and is determined using the bomb calorimeter. The calorific value of coal represents gross calorific value (HG), which contains the latent heat of water vaporization. When the late...
Net Calorific Value (NCV) means lower heating value (LHV) i.e. lower calorific value (LCV) is determined by the subtraction of heat of vaporization of the water vapour from the higher heating value. In addition, It assumes that water vapour leaves with combustion products without full condensa...
Grass biomass has a high calorific value in the range of 14–18 MJ kg−1, and equally importantly, its ash content is low after combustion [20]. Energy crops should also be characterized by high nutrient and water use efficiency, as well as a favorable energy balance between energy input...
Two-hundred microliters of the extract, with a diluted concentration of 1 mg/mL (solid content), were filled in a test tube and mixed with 3000 µL deionized water and 500 µL of the Folin-Ciocalteu reagent. The mixture was shaken and after 3 minutes, 2000 µL of 20% (w/v) ...
This study investigated the potential uses of discarded mango peel and seed parts by analyzing their water sorption behavior, hydration kinetics, and stability when converted into extract powders at pH 3 and 10. The results revealed that peel extracts ha