likelihood-based methods, data augmentation and imputation [9],[10]. The list-wise deletion in general leads to loss of statistical power and biased results when data are not missing completely at random. Likelihood
While the impact of imputation methods to these downstream analyses is the ultimate interest, it is beyond the scope of this paper. We decided that RMSE is the most direct assessment that we could use to evaluate the methods. In our simulation and real data, we examined data size of ...