Based on a ruling by the European Court of Justice, value-added-tax (VAT) will not be applicable to Bitcoin and virtual currencies within the European Union. This ruling means that Bitcoin would fall more under the category of currency, rather than being property or a commodity. The decision...
Commodity price crashes have in recent years left various African countries such as Angola, Nigeria, Zambia, Ghana, Sierra Leone, Libya, Sudan and others with massive debts. This can happen to the Zimbabwean economy if tax revenues are affected by commodity price fluctuations on the world market...
added, as opposed to cost-cutting through wage suppression and deregulation (Gereffi, 1999; Harrison, 1997; Stiglitz, 2000). Much of the GVC literature’s attention focuses on the outcome of industrial “upgrading”—itself largely taken to mean an act of engaging in high-road competitiveness—...