loose tufts of fronds emerge (Fig.2c). The holdfast, which harbors peg-like haptera on its stolons (arrows in Fig.2a, b) was also observed by Wang et al. (2020b). The different degree in branch
was first treated using dilution and settlement and the unsettled layer of NRD was then processed using membrane filtration at a different range of molecular weight cut-offs (MWCO), namely micro-filtration (MWCO: 0.2 µm), ultra-filtration (MWCO: 10 kDa) and nano-filtration (MWCO: 500 Da...