The main function of vacuoles is to hold various substances and molecules; they basically act like the storage unit of the cell.Below are some key vacuole functions, many of which relate to storing materials that the cell will need later on or which can damage the cell and therefore need to...
The central vacuole in plant cells (see Figure 1) is enclosed by a membrane termedthe tonoplast, an important and highly integrated component of the plant internal membrane network (endomembrane) system. Which one of the following is not a function of vacuole? (d)Locomotionis not a function o...
Why do plant cells have a large vacuole? What is the function of the contractile vacuole? How many vacuoles are in an animal cell? What is an analogy for vacuole? Where is the cell membrane located? Where are mitochondria found in plant cells? Where is the cell wall located? How is the...
A fundamental function of vacuoles is their contribution to pH- and Ca2 + homeostasis in the plant cell, as the cytosolic pH, as well as Ca2 + concentration, functions as second messenger in signaling and prominent regulators of many cellular processes. Thus, free H+ and Ca2 + activities in...
using the fully connected layer. As the identification of plant vacuole proteins and peroxisomal proteins in this study is a binary classification task, the value of m is 2. The SoftMax function is then applied to map the values to the interval [0, 1], and the plant vacuole proteins and...
Two Arabidopsis thaliana genes have been shown to function in vacuolar sorting of seed storage proteins: a vacuolar sorting receptor, VSR1/ATELP1, and a retromer component, MAIGO1 (MAG1)/VPS29. Here, we show an efficient and simple method for isolating vacuolar sorting mutants of Arabidopsis....
Stack projections were obtained using the maximum intensity function. Brightness and contrast were linearly adjusted. Exposure of the cells to excitation light was kept at a minimum in order to avoid bleaching and light-induced fusion of vacuoles, which can occur upon prolonged illumination. Cell ...
For CAX, gain of function or loss of function mutants direct experimental evidence for changes in stimulus-induced [Ca2+]cyt transients are still awaited. 4. Conclusions Most work on the involvement of the vacuole in Ca2+ signaling in plant cells (Figure 1) has concentrated on vacuolar Ca2+ ...
Using this simple in vivo criterion for vacuolar fusion activity we assessed vacuolar structure in a series of V1 and V0 mutants. We used several mutants in which one of the eight V1 subunits had been deleted, which abolishes proton pump function but leaves the V0 sector assembled and un-...