Optocouplers are digital switches. They work by using an LED emitter paired with a photo detector transistor. This means they can be used to allow one circuit to switch a separate circuit without having any electrical contact between the two. Basically, if you put a current through pins 1 an...
which has a capacity of 32 Mb (4 MB). Although this chip can be programmed using SPI, we’re going to access it as a mass storage device via USB and load data through the computer—just like we would on a thumb drive or an SD card. ...
ARDUINO UNO: Imagine it as the control room of our robot .Now, there are a lot many development boards, that were considered for this project, but Arduino UNO was simply no match to others. It isn't that our protagonist was superior in terms of its multidimensional features. If that had...
when it gets a jolt of energy, causes a switch to trip. The microcontroller provides 5V signal to the relay it is converted to a 12V signal by the driver circuit which consists of a transistor and a diode.
Try to get a male jack power connector for the GSM and arduino, if not just solder the wires directly from power supply to arduino and GSM, which might increase the mess in the project. The transistor drives the relay and the diode protects the circuit from high voltage spikes while switc...
Without the signal generator, it is a diode and a coil, shorted to ground with a transistor at high frequency. Then comes the idea to mimic the popular serial cascading LEDs, such as the WS2812 or SK6812, the so called Adafruit ‘NeoPixel’. Neon Pixel What I observed when I was ...
Pin-2 of the CD4017 is connected to the base of the BC547 NPN transistor. As Pin-2 transitions to a high state, the transistor switches on. Upon transistor activation, current flows through the relay coil, activating the load connected to the relay. ...
In our application the opto interrupter will be positioned with the rotating encoder wheel in the gap between the LED and transistor. As the wheel spins the slots in the wheel will allow pulses of light to reach the phototransistor, causing it to switch on and off in time with the wheel ...
The capacitor is there to lower the EMI i think, while the transistor is used to control the average voltage to the motor. Think of it as a switch you switch on and off at a high freqency (PWM). For example, if the duty cycle is 50%, that means the transistor is conducting half ...
A 5VDC voltage regulator Transistor circuitry to interface the relays to the microcontroller The transformer, relays, and I/O pin header are mounted on the top side of the circuit board. The rectification components, transistors, resistors, and the 5-Volt regulator a...