Santamouris (2014) found that the green roof and cool roof make the urban albedo increase by 0.1, and the average rate of decrease of temperature is expected to be 0.3 to 3 K and 0.1 to 0.33 K, respectively. A cool roof can save typical residential buildings about 170 kwh to 700 kwh ...
In other words, it is simply infeasible for some of the less-poor minority of urbanites to help the vast majority of the poor. Fig. 1: Expenditure on social protection, urbanization rate, and GDP per capita. This reports the 1990–2017 social protection expenditure and urbanization rate for ...
The urbanization dynamic has been characterized by the persistence of very low urban populations in pre-modern societies, followed by a dramatic increase in the rate of urbanization during what Kuznets called "modern economic growth," in turn followed by a slowdown in the rates of urbanization in...
(in which the document was in force and not updated at the same time) covered 2.0 million ha, of which single-family development accounted for about 90%. Thus, if one were to assume a demographic absorption rate of 40 persons/ha for these single-family development sites, this would give ...
Borys, R. D., D. H. Lowenthal, S. A. Cohn, and W. O. J. Brown, 2003: Mountaintop and radar measurements of anthropogenic aerosol effects on snow growth and snowfall rate.Geophys. Res. Lett.,30, 1538,https://doi.org/10.1029/2002GL016855. ...
Urbanization is altering landscapes globally at an unprecedented rate. While ecological differences between urban and rural environments often promote phenotypic divergence among populations, it is unclear to what degree these trait differences arise fro
Although the associated projections indicated a significant future increase in developed area, external demographic and macroeconomic projections did not anticipate the above-average growth in the 1990s, a growth that was also accompanied by an accelerated rate of development. With the benefit of new ...
I have, and these experiences remind me ofurbanization。 The urbanization level of a country is the symbol of the development andcomprehensive national powerof this country。 The urbanization rateof China is 47% this year, which is almost as four times as in 1949。 And we allhavewitnessed ...
attractive to a certain number of people who lived in nucleated sites in greater density (than in rural communities), thanks to the perception or promise of economic improvement and a better quality of life with more social connections. Paradoxically, there is also a higher mortality rate due to...
Concomitantly, the rate of decrease in the rural population in Asia as a whole and a number of subregions is projected to be higher than that of the world. Whereas urbanization, defined in terms of population growth in urban areas, has been driven by economic development, poverty is also ...