Internal to a soil specimen, the stresses and strains must also satisfy compatibility and energy dissipation. The strains at the internal micro-mechanical level are of greater magnitude than those at the macro-mechanical level because of the need to account for a number of identifiable energy ...
A nonisothermal soil water retention curve (SWRC) that separately considers the temperature-dependency of the key parameters governing adsorptive and capillarity water retention mechanisms and soil physical parameters (e.g., surface tension, contact angle, adsorption capacity, cation exchange capacity, ...
[1989], 8, and 0, in this study are viewed as being essentially empirical constants in soil water retention functions of the type given by (4), and hence without much physical meaning. Equation (4) may be written in a dimensionless form as follows (ah)-' s, = 1 (ah > 1) (ah ...
An increase in soil surface area leads to retention of a larger fraction of soil-water in the diffuse ion layer. In a saturated soil, the growth of diffuse ion layer constricts the pore voids and makes the flow-path tortuous3,8. Besides, diffuse ion layer formation, water molecules are a...
respectively, attributed to the mass stream across the boundary of the element.Note that dx denotes an exact differential and äx denotes an inexact one,meaning that in the latter case the quantity x is not necessarily a state variable, so thatäx merely represents an in,nitesimal change in...
The proposed model represents an extension of the original computational paradigm of cellular automata, because it uses a macroscopic CA approach where local laws with a clear physical meaning govern interactions among automata. This CA structure, aimed at simulating a large-scale system, is based ...
[1] Subsurface airflow in unsaturated zones induced by natural forcings is of importance in many environmental and engineering fields, such as environmental remediation, water infiltration and groundwater recharge, coastal soil aeration, mine and tunnel ventilation, and gas exchange between soil and at...
5, the volume-averaged pressure head within the soil rises nearly proportional to time. Good agreement is obtained between two curves, meaning that the vertical coordinate system can reproduce the total water content within the soil and the complete water balance. Fig. 6 shows that the surface-...
Vanapalli SK, Sillers WS, Fredlund MD (1998) The meaning and relevance of residual state to the unsaturated soil. In: Canadian geotechnical conference, October, pp 4–7 Wheeler SJ, Sivakumar V (1995) An elasto-plastic critical state framework for unsaturated soils. Geotechnique 45:35–53 Artic...
The13C-labelling efficiency of K37:2in cells grown at 25 °C was 36.0% (13C atom%), meaning that 36.0% of the carbons in each K37:2molecule were substituted with13C. The maximum value was obtained on day 3 (Fig.4, TableS2). When the temperature was maintained at 25 °C, th...