We investigate hedge fund firms' unobserved performance (UP), measured as the risk-adjusted return difference between a firm's reported gross return and its portfolio return inferred from its disclosed long-equ
We investigate hedge funds' unobserved performance (UP), measured as the risk-adjusted return difference between a fund firm's reported return and the hypothetical portfolio return derived from its disclosed long equity holdings. We find that high UP is (i) positively associated with measures of ...
Estimates do not indicate a statistically significant relationship between a teacher's certification status and their students' performance in reading or mathematics. Students taught by teachers with an elementary education degree, however, demonstrate greater reading test score gains than students taught ...