cyberbullying, often amplifying the impact of aggression through their reactions. When bystanders ignore or support the bully, they contribute to the cycle of harm, allowing the behavior to continue unchecked. Understanding the bystander effect is essential in addressing and mitigating the spread of ...
Journal of the Learning SciencesHudson, J. M., & Bruckman, A. (2004). The Bystander Effect: A Lens for Understanding Patterns of Participation. Journal of the Learning Sciences, 13(2), 169--199.Hudson, J. & Bruckman, A. The bystander effect: A lens for understanding patterns of ...
Targeted Radiotherapy: Microgray Doses and the Bystander Effect Indirect effects may contribute to the efficacy of radiotherapy by sterilizing malignant cells that are not directly irradiated. However, little is known o... RJ Mairs,NE Fullerton,MR Zalutsky,... - Dose-Response 被引量: 62发表: ...
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We use essential cookies to make sure the site can function. We also use optional cookies for advertising, personalisation of content, usage analysis, and social media. By accepting optional cookies, you consent to the processing of your personal data - including transfers to third parties. Some...
However, the proportion of patients responding to anti-PD-1/PD-L1 monotherapy can be low. The next major challenge involves understanding and overcoming the innate and acquired resistance that prevents most patients from responding to PD-1/PD-L1 blockade. In this review, we outline the ...
Brentuximab vedotin acts through binding of the ADC to CD30-positive cells, followed by receptor endocytosis and release of MMAE upon exposure to intracellular lysozymes. This results in inhibition of tubulin formation and cell apoptosis. Bystander cells may also be susceptible to effluxed MMAE, wit...
Autoimmune disorders are characterized by aberrant T cell and B cell reactivity to the body’s own components, resulting in tissue destruction and organ dysfunction. Autoimmune diseases affect a wide range of people in many parts of the world and have become one of the major concerns in public ...
COVID-19 posed a major challenge to the healthcare system and resources worldwide. The popularization of vaccines and the adoption of numerous prevention and control measures enabled the gradual end of the COVID-19 pandemic. However, successive occurrenc
the gut mucosa [1]. The first line of defense is the cell-autonomous response (intrinsic immunity) and paracrine signaling to bystander cells, including resident antigen-presenting cells,viasecreted cytokines and pathogen-associated molecular patterns (innate immunity). This is followed by an adaptive...