Process control, Quality control, Statistical methodsApplications of the Kalman filter as a tool in univariate process monitoring and optimal control are studied. A simple Kalman filter model, the steady model,
But, even if we try to control the statistical characteristics of our sample, the reality tends again to surprise us: first, most of the times researchers cannot have access to sample characteristics (e.g., age, gender), due to privacy limitations. Second, it takes much time to collect ...
As statistical knowledge improved, especially around sampling, these techniques became more rigorous and better able to predict the prevalence of opinions and behaviors in a population. Academic research has offered advancements that increase the rigor of these methods such as psychometric scales (Kidwell...
Volatility brings uncertainty about the fair value of market assets. It reflects the confidence of the stakeholders that market returns match the actual valuation of individual assets and the marketplace as a whole. Measured asimplied volatility (IV)and represented by a percentage, this statistical v...
We have a dedicated website for our Chinese customers. Please go tonaturechina.comto subscribe to this journal. Go to naturechina.com Buy this article Purchase on SpringerLink Instant access to full article PDF Buy now Prices may be subject to local taxes which are calculated during checkout...
” When we encounter risks and uncertainties, or predict a possible course of events, we develop and utilize various measurement devices, such as statistical methods, surveys, and models. From a historical perspective, we can identify a shift away from “informal expert judgment toward a greater ...
a Microstructure of \({\bar{\varepsilon }}^{{\rm{mis}}}=-0.003\) at the first PF time step, (a1) \({\rm{\gamma }}/{\rm{\gamma }}{\prime} \) microstructure, (a2) long range stress, (b1, b2) excess dislocation density in slip system 1 and 2, (c1, c2) statistical store...
Consider entirely spurious correlations: statistical correlations between two or more phenomena that aren’t due to any dependence (e.g. causal) relation between those phenomena, or between these phenomena and some other phenomenon. For example, it is presumably entirely spurious that the average ...
A synopsis is statistical metadata for that partition and the columns in the partition. Each synopsis is stored in the SYSAUX tablespace. Global statistics are then generated by aggregating the partition level statistics and the synopses from each partition, thus eliminating the need to scan the ...
3.2. Statistical tools In a preliminary analysis, chi-squared tests were used in order to determine which control variables were significant when considering either the direct or proxy question on entrepreneurship intention. However, the study of these questions individually is insufficient for our purpo...