depending on the sound pressure level (SPL) generated by the sound source and the distance from the mic. Clearly a mic placed in front of a quiet singer will require more amplification than the same mic on a loud guitar amp. Examples of mics with low output levels are the AEAR84, Royer...
The intensity of sound is measured in decibels (dB). Normal conversation is about 60 dB, while a rock concert can reach up to 120 dB. Prolonged exposure to any noise at or above 85 dB can cause hearing loss. The higher the decibel level, the shorter the time it takes for noise to d...
In general, amplifiers are designed to have an extremely low output impedance (usually fractions of Ohms) so that the loudspeaker impedance is significantly higher. However, the impedance of the connecting cable can also have an audible effect on the sound quality. For example, the dreaded 'bell...
In near-field applications, such as cell phones, where the microphone is close to the sound source, a microphone with higher sensitivity is more likely to reach the maximum acoustic input, clip, and cause distortion. On the other hand, a higher sensitivity may be desirable in far-field appli...
If you're 20 decibels more sensitive to a high frequency than me, then a pair of headphones that sound nice and clear to me will sound unbearably tinny to you. And what's more, as much as there's a difference between people, there's a similar normal deviation between your own two ...
The power losses introduced by the modulator must be high enough in the pump phase to prevent any lasing. With an acousto-optical modulator (AOM) in the usual zero-order configuration, the sound-induced diffraction of light must be strong enough to suppress premature lasing, while the switched...
For example, the human ear senses a sound to be twice as loud as another one if it has ten times the physical signal power. Another example, quite close to our field of interest, is absorption. Suppose a wall is in the path of our wireless link, and each meter of wall takes away ...
of this is a ‘level dependent’ function, covered in EN 352-7. Level dependent ear plugs are designed to provide restoration of external sounds, while also providing attenuation of sound at high sound pressure levels. Other additional functions include active noise reduction and audio ...
“two-way travel time”) tells the sonar how far away the obstacle is. As the car gets closer to the obstacle, the warning sound changes to alert the driver that the car is approaching an obstacle. The change in travel time of the sound pulses measures the car’s velocity, which is ...
Ndb is the ratio of the two power expressed in deciBels, dB I2 is the output current level I1 is the input current levelVoltage & current deciBel formulas for different impedancesAs a deciBel, dB is a comparison of two power or intensity levels, when current and voltage are used, the ...