A paired t-test simply calculates the difference between paired observations (e.g., before and after) and then performs a 1-sample t-test on the differences. You can test this with this data set to see how all of the results are identical, including the mean difference, t...
Understanding statistics: Paired t-test. Evidence-based Obstetrics & Gynecology 5(3).S. Daya, "Understanding statistics: paired t-test," Evidence-Based Obstet. Gynecol. 5(13), 105-106 (2003).Daya, S., 2003, Understanding Statistics - Paired t-test, Evidence based...
which we conducted to substantiate that the pattern of results also holds for subsamples of all participants. Both subsamples revealed a similar effect size (sample A:pη2 = 0.20, sample B:pη2 = 0.17, see Methods). Furthermore, we explored the temporal course...
Data were analysed using parametric one- or two-way repeated measures ANOVA, or paired t-test. In cases in which it was appropriate, ANOVA was followed by post hoc pairwise comparisons with corrections for multiple comparisons. If data were significantly non-normal (with α = 0.05), non...
This finding also aligns with our quantitative results, where Question 1 showed significant improvement in the posttest. In the second part of the quantitative analysis, the results indicated that students exhibited a high level of learning motivation prior to the module. This may be attributed to...
A comparison of pretest and posttest results revealed that students who worked on contextual problems made significantly more progress in their knowledge of decimals than did those who worked on noncontextual problems. Dialogues between pairs of students during problem solving were analyzed with respect...
Using the paired sample T-test and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), statistically significant differences were found between student and teacher responses. The results indicate that teachers and students have different perceptions of certain elements determining student-teacher relationships, which ...
Six questions were used to test each subject's understanding of growth curves. Paired t tests revealed that the experimental group significantly increased their understanding of growth, whereas the control group did not. The mean score for the experimental group prior to playing the game was 1.43;...
Active versus sham TMS, metric comparisonA series of paired-sample t-tests were performed to compare the derived flexibility, cohesion, and promiscuity metrics over the entire 36 min period following rTMS (Fig.2) to the metrics derived from the sham condition. This was completed for each of th...
Statistical analyses were carried out (SPSS, version 16.0) using Tukey's multiple comparison test of one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) or two-tailed paired t tests (p < 0.05) to verify significant differences among treat- ments and using two-way ANOVA to assess the effects of ...