Dynamic viscosity is measured by the Cold Crank Simulator (CCS) test (ASTM D5293). Dynamic viscosity determines an oil’s low-temperature, winter or “W” viscosity rating — the “5W” in 5W-30 motor oil. The lower the “W” rating, the faster the oil flows when cold and the easier...
Heavy components of crude oil such as wax and asphaltene make the water-in-oil (w/o) emulsion more stable, while the role of these components on the emulsion viscosity has not been fully understood. In this regard, to find a proper demulsifier to break these emulsions, it is necessary to...
These materials happen examined with an eye on applications for mass transfer, ultimately wanting to enhance magnetic susceptibility and viscosity making use of magnetized field gradients to maneuver paramagnetic ILs holding solute or temperature. The research of paramagnetic ILs is important not only for...
Here we studied viscosity changes of Peace River oil in the range of 80–295°C in the presence and absence of iron (III) tosylate (para-toluenesulfonate) MLC and analyzed reaction products via viscometry, TGA-MS, XPS, GC-MS, SARA analysis, and elemental analysis. Whereas thermal treatment...
Gelatin obtained from marine fishery discards has lower rheological properties such as melting point and viscosity; however, it has good homeostatic properties compared with mammalian gelatin and better metabolic compatibility [166]. Marine teleosts are considered important sources of collagen as they ...
The imaging buffer solvent viscosity is increased to 48.5 ± 0.1 cP at 23 °C by addition of sucrose (60% w/w). Glucose oxidase/catalase is used as a coupled enzymatic oxygen scavenging system to suppress photobleaching and photocleaving of the fluorescently labeled DNA. The concentration of ...
PEO is a high molecular weight polymer produced by ring-opening polymerization of ethylene oxide with high viscosity, water solubility, low chemical toxicity, good histocompatibility, and immunologic unresponsiveness, which has been widely used in medicine, agriculture, and other fields [57]. In terms...
In the formula, 𝜌𝑚ρm, 𝑢𝑚um, and 𝜇𝑚μm are the density, velocity, and viscosity of the mixed phase, respectively, which can be obtained by weighting the volume fraction of each phase. The interphase motion difference is calculated by the slip velocity 𝑢𝑑𝑟,𝑝𝑖ud...