normal heart may account for up to one third of all cases, particularly in younger patients.2Despite substantial mortality, morbidity, and consumption of health care resources, specific treatment of the arrhythmic source in atrial fibrillation, and the maintenance of sinus rhythm, have remained ...
Single-chamber ICD.A lead is attached to the right ventricle. If needed, energy is delivered to the ventricle to restore a normal heart rhythm. Dual-chamber ICD.Leads are attached to the right atrium and the right ventricle. Energy can be delivered to the right atrium and then to the righ...
Conditional inactivation of Gata5 in endocardial cells leads to hypoplastic hearts and a partially penetrant bicuspid aortic valve (valve with two leaflets rather than the normal three) [44] suggesting an autonomous role of Gata5 in endocardial cushion formation; as discussed above, cardiac valve...
Explore sinus rhythms in cardiology. Learn about normal, bradycardia, tachycardia, arrhythmia, and sinus arrest for paramedics.
Arrhythmogenesis Traditional CRT delivers electrical stimulation to the epicardial surface of the LV wall. This pattern of activation is juxtaposed to the sequence exhibited during intrinsic myocardial activation which follows an endocardial to epicardial course. Reversing the normal depolarisation sequence...
Atrial fibrillation is the most common sustained cardiac arrhythmia, and affected individuals suffer from increased rates of heart failure, stroke, and death. Despite the enormous clinical burden that it exerts on patients and health care systems, contem
Bradycardia is "slow" cardiac rhythm and results from either a failure of initiation of the heart beat or failure of passage of this electrical message through the heart--that is, normal sinus node "spark plug" activity is disturbed or there is interruption of the passage of this activity to...
It is important when examining an electrocardiograph (ECG) tracing to identify (from the ECG recording) the normal sinus complex for that animal. The chapter illustrates an ectopic focus with the spreading out of the depolarisation wave and the formation of a QRS鈥怲 complex associated with the...
Methods and Results: The right ventricular (RV) and left ventricular (LV) activation patterns of 12 patients (mean age 67 +/- 11 years) with LBBB-HF and 5 patients (mean age 45 +/- 14) with normal hearts were studied during sinus rhythm using a three-dimensional mapping system. The ...